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Kuntillet Ajrud ((アラビア語:كونتيلة عجرود)) is a late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE site in the northeast part of the Sinai peninsula.〔(Gnuse, Robert Karl, "No other gods: emergent monotheism in Israel" (Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) pp.69-70 )〕 It is frequently described as a shrine, but this is not certain.〔(Judith M. Hadley, "The cult of Asherah in ancient Israel and Judah: evidence for a Hebrew goddess", (University of Cambridge Press, 2000) pp.108ff. )〕 ==Excavations== The site was investigated in 1975/76 by Tel Aviv University archaeologist Ze’ev Meshel. The fortress-like main building is divided into two rooms, one large and the other small, both with low benches. Both rooms contained various paintings and inscriptions on the walls and on two large water-jars (''pithoi''), one found in each room. The paintings on the pithoi show various animals, stylised trees, and human figures, some of which may represent gods. They appear to have been done over a fairly considerable period and by several different artists, and do not form coherent scenes. The iconography is entirely Syrian/Phoenician and lacks any connection to the Egyptian models commonly found in Iron Age IIB Isreael art.〔(Keel, Othmar, and Uehlinger, Christoph, "Gods, goddesses, and images of God in ancient Israel" (Fortress Press, 1998) pp.210ff. )〕 The inscriptions are mostly in early Hebrew with some in Phoenician script.〔(Bonanno, Anthony, "Archaeology and fertility cult in the ancient Mediterranean", (University of Malta, 1986) pp.238ff. )〕 Many are religious in nature, invoking Yahweh, El and Baal, and two include the phrases "Yahweh of Samaria and his Asherah" and "Yahweh of Teman and his Asherah."〔(Bonanno, Anthony, "Archaeology and fertility cult in the ancient Mediterranean", (University of Malta, 1986) pp.238ff. )〕 There is general agreement that Yahweh is being invoked in connection with Samaria (capital of the kingdom of Israel) and Teman (in Edom); this suggests that Yahweh had a temple in Samaria, and raises a question over the relationship between Yahweh and Kaus, the national god of Edom.〔(Keel, Othmar, and Uehlinger, Christoph, "Gods, goddesses, and images of God in ancient Israel" (Fortress Press, 1998) p.228. )〕 The "Asherah" is most likely a cultic object, although the relationship of this object (a stylised tree perhaps) to Yahweh and to the goddess Asherah, consort of El, is unclear.〔(Keel, Othmar, and Uehlinger, Christoph, "Gods, goddesses, and images of God in ancient Israel" (Fortress Press, 1998) p.232–33. )〕 An image on the piece of pottery (belonging to a pithos vase) found at Kuntillet Ajrud is adjacent to a Hebrew inscription "''Berakhti etkhem l’YHVH Shomron ul’Asherato''" ("I have blessed you by Yahweh of Samaria and () Asherah"). Scholars disputed about the meaning and the significance of this. The two figures portrayed are generally identifiable as representing the Egyptian god Bes. Also, it is believed that this image was drawn after the inscription was written, so the two may be completely unrelated.〔(''Puzzling Finds from Kuntillet ‘Ajrud''. ) Biblical Archaeology Society, 10/01/2013〕 The excavation report by Ze'ev Meshel was published in 2012. The title "YHWH of Samaria" is used to describe the God of Samaria (in the northern Kingdom of Israel) and that Kingdom was known to openly accept idolatry. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kuntillet Ajrud」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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